The protein fingerprinting and genetic variations among different genotypes of Aegilops belonging to four sections

Abstract

The significance of this research is the study of genetic relationships between genotypes which is one of the first steps taken to preserve genetic diversity from loss and one of the key processes for supporting and developing breeding programs. Wheat-associated wild Aegilops species are considered to be an important source of genetic resources and to reveal the relationships and genetic variations between genotypes by using storage proteins to obtain a protein fingerprint. The research aims to obtain a protein fingerprint of genotypes of the genus Aegilops using the methods of Acid Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (A-PAGE) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and to study genetic diversity using storage proteins as biochemical markers. Laboratory work was carried out in 2019, at the Atomic Energy Commission in Damascus. Ten genotypes belong to four sections (Sitopsis, Aegilops, Cylindropyrum, and Vertebrata) were compared (Ae.var speltoides, Ae.speltoides, Ae.tauschii, Ae.umbellulata, Ae.vavilovii, Ae.biuncialis, Ae.cylindrica, Ae.geniculata, Ae.kotschyi, Ae.peregrina). Using Unweighted Pair Group Mean Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) to illustrate the genetic relationships between the studied genotypes, the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on data on gliadin and glutenin proteins. The total band count was 110 lines. The smallest number of bands was Ae.cylindrica (30), whereas the highest number of bands was 44 (Ae.peregrina(. The least genetic distance was observed among the genotypes (Ae.speltoides and Ae.tauschii) (0.24), while the most genetic distance was observed among the genotypes (Ae.biuncialis and Ae.tauschii) (0.48). The lowest average of Percent Disagreement Values (PDVs) was for Ae.kotschyi and Ae.speltoides (0.32), meaning they are the closest to the rest of the genotypes studied. While the highest average of (PDVs) was for Ae.biuncialis (0.37), meaning it is the farthest to the rest of the genotypes studied.