Environmental changes and water scarcity and their impact on sustainable development in Iraq: A review

Abstract

Aims of this study were with an emphasis on water resource management as a crucial component in accomplishing Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) - ensuring that everyone has access to clean water and sanitation. This study attempts to examine how environmental changes and water scarcity affect sustainable development in Iraq. The study's foundation is a thorough analysis of the literature, official and international reports, and statistical information from national agencies, the UN, and the World Bank. It looks at how Iraq's water resources are affected by pollution, population expansion, upstream water policy, and climate change. The study also looks at the environmental and socioeconomic effects of water shortage, such as how it affects internal migration, agriculture, health, and food security. The results show that decreased flows in the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, rising temperatures, upstream building, and growing water demand are putting Iraq's water resources under extreme strain. Soil and water salinity, reduced agricultural production, threats to food security, health risks, and environmental degradation are all consequences of water scarcity. The precarious state of water availability in Iraq is reflected in the countries above 80% water stress, which has an impact on social stability and sustainable development. Conclusions, Iraq's sustainable growth is seriously threatened by environmental changes and water scarcity. The problem is made worse by Trans- boundary water regulations, poor infrastructure, and inefficient water management. To reduce risks and ensure long-term water, food, and environmental sustainability, integrated water resources management, regional cooperation, and climate-adaptive solutions are crucial.